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| 1961 |
| | | The southern part of the British Cameroons votes to merge with Cameroun, becoming the federal republic of Cameroon | |
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| 1965 |
| | | The Gambia becomes an independent member of the Commonwealth, with Dawda Jawara as prime minister | |
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| 1966 |
| | | Kwame Nkrumah, the founding father of Ghana, is toppled in a coup while away on a state visit to China | |
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| 1967 |
| | | The Ibo of eastern Nigeria claim independence for their region – as the republic of Biafra | |
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| 1967 |
| | | A pre-emptive air strike by Israel destroys almost all Egypt's aircraft and launches the Six-Day War | |
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| 1969 |
| | | At a congress in Cairo, Yasser Arafat is appointed leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) | |
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| 1970 |
| | | The breakaway province of Biafra surrenders after three years of devastating civil war in Nigeria | |
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| 1973 |
| | | Egypt and Syria launch a surprise attack against Israel on Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement | |
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| 1973 |
| | | Arab oil-exporting countries cause an economic crisis by denying oil to western countries supporting Israel | |
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| 1974 |
| | | Portuguese Guinea becomes independent as Guinea-Bissau, with Luís Cabral as president | |
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